Click Here to Comment at The Motor Portal Blog!!       Update 5/1/07 BMW 5 SERIES FOR 2008: The most powerful 6-cylinder Sedans and Sports Wagon yet headline a thoroughly revised 5 Series   Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey, May 1, 2007… Building on last year’s updates, BMW’s 2008 5 Series Sedans and Sport Wagon receive another significant freshening and, in the case of 6-cylinder models, a major boost in power and efficiency. Complementing the power increase, a thoroughly revised interior, new technological features and a freshened look front and rear ensure this benchmark collection of rear and all-wheel-drive Sedans and Sports Wagon will maintain their place at the forefront of the mid-size luxury class.   These early release 2008 5 Series models represent the most significant update since their introduction in 2003. Adopting the new engines introduced in the 3 Series Coupe, the 6-cylinder Sedans and Sport Wagon receive new model designations, reflecting a marked boost in power. Last year’s 525i and 525xi both get the new, 230-horsepower iteration of BMW’s remarkable aluminum/magnesium composite N52 engine, along with new 528i and 528xi nomenclature. Similarly, the 530i and 530xi become the 535i and 535xi, the new designations signifying the addition of BMW’s latest, 300-horsepower N54 twin-turbo inline-6. Included in this upgrade is the 2008 535xi Sports Wagon, its 300-horsepower eclipsing the old 290-hp V-8 540i and making it the most powerful Sports Wagon BMW has ever offered in the U.S. While the current 550i retains its 360-horsepower 4.8-liter V-8, the mid-size flagship receives a new Sport Package with 19-inch wheels and new body treatments, along with the updated interior and exterior freshening.   In addition to the horsepower boost, new performance features include a quicker-shifting Sport Automatic transmission for the rear-drive 535i and 550i Sedans, which also provides fingertip shift control via steering-wheel-mounted paddles. This is in addition to the new, updated STEPTRONIC that is now a no-cost option on all 5 Series models. New Sport Package contents bring 18-inch wheels and run-flat performance tires to all 6-cylinder models, including staggered-width 18-inch tires on the rear-drive 535i Sedan. The same 18-inch wheel and tire option is also available on Sport Package-equipped 535xi models as a further extra-cost addition.   New technological features also make their appearance for ’08. First among these is BMW’s Lane Departure Warning system, a camera-based system that monitors lane placement, and discreetly notifies the driver via mild steering wheel vibration of any motions that might indicate an inadvertent lane change. The convenience of Active Cruise Control is extended via a new Stop and Go feature, which enables the system to function even in heavy traffic. Active Cruise allows the vehicle to come to a complete stop without losing its setting, then accelerate back up to set speed with only a touch of the accelerator pedal from the driver. Audio options expand with a USB Adapter for an iPod or MP3 player. And BMW’s leading-edge iDrive system adds a row of programmable “favorites” buttons, which can be used for anything from radio-station presets to pre-programmed destinations with the optional navigation system.   As in the past, all BMW automobiles and SAVs include BMW Ultimate Service, which includes 4 year, unlimited mileage Roadside Assistance, 4 year / 50,000 mile New Vehicle Limited Warranty and BMW Maintenance Program at no extra cost. In addition, all 5 Series BMWs also include a 4 year membership in BMW Assist Safety Services as standard equipment.   With all these changes for 2008, BMW’s 5 Series again reasserts itself as the class leader in the midsize performance-luxury field.   What’s new for 2008 As of 3/07 production (Sedans and Sports Wagon): •     528i Sedan (new designation) •     528xi Sedan (new designation) •     535i Sedan (new designation) •     535xi Sedan (new designation) •     535xi Sports Wagon (new designation) •     550i Sedan (existing model)   Performance & efficiency All 5 Series models: •     New STEPTRONIC includes faster shifting and more efficient operation for improved efficiency and quicker acceleration. This transmission is now a no-cost option on all 5 Series models •     New electronic shifter offers “shift-by-wire” actuation and more ergonomic operation •     SMG no longer available 528i/xi Sedan only •     230-hp N52 engine for all 528i/xi models: •     magnesium/aluminum composite construction •     Valvetronic and Double VANOS [1] valve actuation •     includes single-stage intake •     revised tuning provides 230 horsepower @ 6500 rpm, 200 lb-ft. of torque at 2750 rpm, an increase of 15 horsepower/15 lb-ft. of torque over previous 525i. •     New optional wheels and tires. 528i Sport Package includes 18-inch wheels with performance run-flat tires; optional with Sport Package on 528xi 535i/xi Models •     300-hp N54 for all 535i/xi models: •     all-aluminum construction •     twin-turbocharger technology boosts horsepower with virtually no turbo-lag •     Direct fuel injection with piezo electric injectors •     Double VANOS 1 steplessly variable valve timing •     N54 engine rated at 300 horsepower @ 5800 rpm, 300 lb-ft. of torque at 1400—5000 rpm, an increase of 45 horsepower and an astonishing 80 lb-ft. of torque over previous 530i/xi, with a significantly broader torque band. •     Brake discs upgraded to 13.7 front and 13.6 rear, same size as 550i 535xi Sedan •     535xi Sport Package offers the additional option of 18-inch wheels and tires in staggered width; first time on all-wheel-drive models   535i Sedan •     New optional Sport Automatic includes steering-wheel paddle shifters and rpm matching during downshifts, plus a Sport button for quicker, more dynamic shifting (beginning 06/07 production) •     Sport Package includes 18-inch wheel and tire sizes in staggered width; first time on 6-cylinder models 535xi Sports Wagon •     300-hp N54 engine, same as 535i/xi Sedans. This engine makes the 535xi Sport Wagon the most powerful wagon BMW has ever offered, including the previous-generation (E39) V-8-powered 540i •     535xi Sport Wagon offers 18-inch wheel and tire sizes as an upgrade with the Sport Package (same size front and rear) 550i Sedan •     New optional Sport Automatic includes steering-wheel paddle shifters and rpm matching during downshifts, plus a Sport button for quicker, more dynamic shifting (beginning 06/07 production) •     Sport Package now includes 19-inch, staggered-width wheels with performance tires, new aerodynamics package   Exterior design & function All 5 Series Sedans •     Reconfigured optical headlight lenses •     New front airdam has reshaped opening with upturned ends •     Relocated amber DOT lenses; headlight area is completely white •     Taillights include new white design with fewer reflectors, plus red lines in the optical lenses •     Reshaped rear bumper, with revised diffuser below the bumper 535xi Sports Wagon •     New front-end treatment includes revised headlights, front fascia and relocated DOT lenses •     New rear-end treatment includes reconfigured taillights. Rear diffuser remains as before   Ergonomics, luxury & convenience •     Thoroughly revised interior •     New standard steering wheel •     Window switches relocated to armrest •     Larger, more refined door pockets •     Smaller, leather-wrapped passenger door handle •     Wood trim now flows from the instrument panel into the door panel, giving a richer, warmer, more integrated look •     iDrive includes six programmable “favorites” buttons, which can be set to many frequently used features including destination addresses, auto-dialed phone numbers or radio station presets •     New electronic shifter for STEPTRONIC automatic with ergonomically optimized contour, placement and function •     Leather-wrapped center console with:       •     New center-console storage compartment       •     New ashtray       •     Leather-trimmed iDrive controller •     Radio buttons and temperature controls trimmed in titanium silver   New options, all models •     Active Cruise Control Stop & Go, allows operation even in heavy traffic, and can accommodate speeds all the way down to a complete stop, and resume to set speed from 0 mph •     Lane Departure Warning system, provides an immediate notification when the car crosses into another lane without turn signals •     USB adaptor for iPods or MP3 players, which does not use the CD player connections   5 Series models for 2008 528i Sedan The Series’ “basic” model, with an additional increase in horsepower this year, new STEPTRONIC automatic, new interior and freshened exterior styling. Significantly improved 0-60 performance—0.8 seconds quicker with manual transmission, 0.5 seconds quicker with automatic. Key distinguishing features and attributes include: •     Revised 3.0-liter DOHC 24-valve inline 6-cylinder engine with magnesium/aluminum composite construction, Valvetronic variable intake-valve lift, Double VANOS 1 variable valve timing, single-stage induction system; 230 hp/200 lb-ft. torque •     Standard 6-speed manual transmission, 6-speed STEPTRONIC automatic transmission optional at no extra cost •     17 x 7.5 alloy wheels, Star Spoke design #138 •     225/50R-17 V-rated all-season tires •     Standard Dynamic Traction Control •     Active Steering available only as stand-alone option •     4-wheel ventilated disc brakes •     Leatherette upholstery •     10-way power front seats, including power head restraints •     Available option Packages:       • Sport (includes sport suspension, Sport steering wheel, space-saver spare tire, Shadowline trim, Active Roll Stabilization, 18 x 8.0-in. Star Spoke (design #246) wheels with run-flat performance tires [2] and 20-way Multi-Contour seats)       • Premium (includes Dakota leather, Universal Garage Door Opener, auto-dimming interior & power-folding exterior mirrors, 4-way power lumbar support, and ambient lighting package)       • Cold Weather (includes heated steering wheel, heated front seats & retractable headlight washers)   528xi Sedan The 528xi is equipped essentially like the 528i Sedan, with minor differences in technical specifications, options and Package contents. Key differentiating features from 528i Sedan include: •     xDrive all-wheel drive system, electronically controlled with variable front/rear torque split and traction control •     Performance and fuel efficiency are somewhat affected by additional weight and mechanism of AWD system. With new 230-hp engine, acceleration is 7.1 seconds 0-60 mph manual, 7.6 seconds with STEPTRONIC automatic; top speed is now electronically limited to 150 mph. •     Dynamic Traction Control included along with Hill Descent Control •     Wheel construction differs; same rim width, but different offset •     Vehicle height increases from 57.8 in. to 58.3 in. •     Same option Packages as 528i, except:       • Sport Package deletes sport suspension calibration (AWD have their own calibration, same with or without Sport Package); deletes Active Roll Stabilization; and retains standard 17 x 7.5 wheels and all-season tires       • New 18 x 8.0 Star Spoke wheels (design #246) with 245/40R-18 run-flat performance tires 2 (same equipment as included in 528i Sport Package) are available as stand-alone option in combination with Sport Package •     Active Steering not available   535i Sedan Premium 6-cylinder model, with new 3.0-liter twin-turbo inline-6 and more extensive standard equipment. Performance jumps significantly over 528i and previous 530i—0-60 acceleration drops to 5.7 seconds with automatic. Key differentiating features from 528i Sedan include: •     Twin-turbocharged N54 engine with aluminum block and head and cast-iron cylinder liners; Double VANOS 1 and direct fuel injection; 300 hp/300 lb-ft. torque •     Xenon Adaptive headlights standard (528i: optional) •     Same option Packages as 528i, except:       • Premium Package deletes 4-way power front-seat lumbar support, as it is standard on this model       • Sport Package (includes same equipment as 528i Package except 535i adds staggered-width Star Spoke wheels (Design #124); 18 x 8.0-in. front, 18 x 9.0-in. rear) with 245/40R-18 front and 275/35R-18 rear run-flat performance tires 2   535xi Sedan Combines the 535i engine and xDrive to create a higher-performing all-wheel-drive sports-luxury Sedan. Key differentiating features from the 535i Sedan include: •     Performance and fuel efficiency are only marginally affected by additional weight and mechanism of AWD system; acceleration with automatic actually drops, to 5.6 seconds compared to 5.7 for the 535i Sedan •     xDrive all-wheel drive system, electronically controlled with variable front/rear torque split and traction control •     Dynamic Traction Control included along with Hill Descent Control •     Wheel construction differs; same rim width, but different offset •     Vehicle height increases from 57.8 in. to 58.3 in. •     Same option Packages as 535i, except:       • Sport Package deletes sport suspension calibration (AWD have their own calibration, same with or without Sport Package); deletes Active Roll Stabilization; and retains standard 17 x 7.5 wheels and all-season tires       • Staggered width wheels (18 x 8.0-in. front, 18 x 9.0-in. rear) with 245/40R-18 front and 275/35R-18 rear run-flat performance tires 2 are available as stand-alone option in combination with Sport Package • Active Steering not available   535xi Sports Wagon Combines 5 Series design, performance and technology with sports-wagon versatility. Embodies a host of features that enhance people- and cargo-carrying capabilities; xDrive endows it with amazing traction and agility. With new twin-turbo engine, the 535xi Sport Wagon becomes the quickest 5 Series wagon ever offered in the U.S. Minimal additional weight has only a slight effect on acceleration compared to 535xi Sedan; 5.8 seconds 0-60 mph with automatic. Key differentiating features from 535xi Sedan include: •     Sports Wagon body, unique from the windshield back, graceful yet practical; essentially the same length and width, 0.4 in. taller, 198 lb. additional curb weight •     Standard roof rails, accommodating BMW roof carrier systems •     Dual-panel Panoramic Moonroof •     Variable cargo area, with straight side walls and level floor:       • Wider than in previous 5 Series Sports Wagon; cargo volume ranges from 17.6 to 58.3 cu ft. with seats upright or folded, height of loaded cargo       • Enclosed storage compartments on both sides       • Lockable storage compartment under floor, with adjustable dividers for small cargo items •     Standard cargo net, usable with rear seats upright or folded •     Tailgate with separately opening rear window (both open upward)       • Electrically released from remote or interior switch       • Soft Close of lower section: user closes gently, power mechanism draws it down       • Cargo cover rises automatically when window or lower tailgate is opened; supported on gas struts, no cord or prop. Cover can also be removed from vehicle.       • Optional power tailgate with programmable opening height       • Red light at left bottom of tailgate for safety; visible when tailgate is open •     Unique rear suspension, with self-leveling air springs; designed to maximize cargo space •     Optional 18 x 8.0 Star Spoke wheels (design #124) with 245/40R-18 run-flat performance tires 2 (same style as included in 535xi Sport Package) are available as stand-alone option in combination with Sport Package. Same size wheels and tires front and rear   550i Sedan Flagship model, with 4.8-liter, 360-hp all-aluminum N62 V-8, standard Dakota leather and additional standard equipment over any 6-cylinder model. Further performance gain over 535i—5.4 seconds 0-60 with manual transmission, 5.5 seconds with automatic. Key differentiating features from 535i Sedan include: •     All-aluminum 32-valve V-8; Valvetronic variable intake-valve lift and Double VANOS 1; 2-stage intake manifold, 360 hp/360 lb-ft. torque •     wider, 17 x 8.0-inch wheels with 225/50R-17 all-season run-flat tires •     Standard Park Distance Control •     Same option Packages as 535i, except:       • Premium Package deleted as all contents standard on this model       • Sport Package includes all items in 535i package, but substitutes larger staggered-width wheels (19 x 8.0-in. front, 19 x 9.5-in. rear) with 245/35R-19 front and 275/30R-19 rear performance tires. 2 The 550i Sports Package also includes V-8 specific sport exhaust system and its own unique aerodynamics kit   Power & performance features: A more-powerful base engine, twin-turbo performance, and a superlative V-8 all complement the most sophisticated chassis in the class. BMW’s engines have become legendary for their performance, smoothness, and sophistication—attributes that apply equally well to BMW’s inline-6s and V-8s. The 5 Series offers three of these engines—two 6-cylinders and one V-8—including the company’s first turbocharged engine in more than three decades. From the base 528i to the range-topping 550i, the 5 Series offers the most impressive range of powerplants in the class, all backed by 6-speed transmissions, manual or automatic.   As the first full-production aluminum/magnesium composite engine every offered, the 3.0-liter N52 inline-6 carries on BMW’s tradition of building cutting-edge engines that combine outstanding power, unparalleled refinement and excellent fuel economy. For 2008, this engine receives a boost to 230 horsepower, making the 528i/xi Sedans the most powerful entry-level 5 Series ever offered. Similarly, the new 300-hp twin-turbo 535i/xi Sedans and Sports Wagon are the quickest 6-cylinder-powered 5 Series cars yet. And the range-topping 550i offers the same 360-horsepower V-8 as BMW’s 750Li Sedan in a sportier, more compact platform.   These exemplary engines reside in a chassis that includes aluminum suspension, large-diameter disc brakes, performance tires on 17-, 18- or 19-inch wheels and options such as Active Steering and Active Roll Stabilization. With either xDrive all-wheel-drive or traditional rear-drive, the 5 Series sets the standard for handling, ride and braking for the class.   BMW’s inline 6-cylinder engines: Class-leading distinction, performance and efficiency • Unparalleled smoothness and sound • A distinction from the multitude of V-6 engines on the market Almost all vehicle manufacturers of 6-cylinder engines have adopted the V-6 format, whose compactness is advantageous in small or midsize cars with front-wheel drive. By contrast, BMW’s inline 6-cylinder engines are outstanding for their smoothness and sound, and BMW customers treasure them for these attributes. Thus BMW retains the inline format while developing it toward reduced weight, more compact dimensions – and ever more brilliant performance, smoothness and sound. An increase in fuel efficiency and even tighter control of emissions were also set as goals for this BMW engine generation, which currently powers the 2008 528i/xi 6-cylinder models.   N52 engine: magnesium/aluminum composite construction and Valvetronic variable valve lift As the “base” level powerplant, the N52 engine offers a wide variety of benefits in the 528i and 528xi Sedans. In addition to offering a further development of BMW’s traditional inline 6-cylinder engine, the aluminum/magnesium composite construction reduces weight compared to an all-aluminum design, which also enhances weight distribution. The Valvetronic variable valve lift improves performance and fuel efficiency, while detail refinements such as an electric water pump and volume-controlled oil pump also increase efficiency. The result is an engine that retains the legendary smoothness of BMW’s inline 6-cylinder engines, while offering an outstanding balance of performance and fuel efficiency.   Compared to the previous M54 6-cylinder, the N52 offers a wide variety of benefits: • Higher revving ability. The “redline” is 7000 rpm, vs. 6500 for the M54. • Reduced weight – 22 lb. less. Had BMW engineers developed the previous engine to meet their goals, it would have added about 30 lb. – and thus would have weighed fully 52 lb. more than the new engine does. • More compact – Because there is just one external drive belt, vs. the previous two, overall engine length is about an inch shorter. Here are details of how this dramatic progress was achieved – over an engine that was already outstanding in all these respects:   Evolved Valvetronic variable valve lift. This exclusive, patented innovation, enhancing the performance and fuel efficiency of BMW’s V-8 and V-12 engines since 2002, varies valve lift to control engine power, dispensing with a conventional throttle. Valvetronic enhances engine power, torque and efficiency. Compared to the original Valvetronic system, introduced on BMW’s V-8 and V-12 engines in 2002, the N52 engine’s 2nd-generation system benefits from several evolutionary improvements: • Maximum engine speed increased by 500 rpm. Enabled by making Valvetronic’s reciprocating parts more rigid. • Maximum intake-valve lift increased from 9.7 mm to 9.9 mm, which contributes to the increase in maximum power output. • Greater maximum intake-valve acceleration. Less time is spent opening and closing the valves; thus they are effectively open longer. • Phasing of the two intake valves. Starting from minimal intake-valve lift (i.e. idling), an increase in engine load causes the lift and timing of intake valve 1 to increase faster than that of valve 2. At its maximum, this phasing has valve 1 lifting 1.8 mm more than valve 2; at about 6 mm, the two valves are again “in synch.” This refinement enhances fuel economy under low-load driving conditions.   Improved combustion chambers. Subtle refinements to the combustion-chamber shape conspire with the intake-valve phasing to create more stable combustion, with benefits to fuel efficiency and emission control.   Further evolved VANOS. Double VANOS 1 is a familiar feature of all current BMW engines. The range over which intake-valve timing can be varied has been increased by 10º, achieving yet another de-throttling effect.   Higher fuel-injection pressure results in an improved injection spray, helping reduce raw hydrocarbon emissions in a cold engine.   All-new engine electronics. Among many innovative details, the basic ignition and valve timing functions are duplicated. The first part was optimized for fuel consumption and emissions; the second part was determined according to pure driving parameters. Depending upon how perfectly the engine is running at any time, control interpolates between the two strategies. Under ideal conditions, the engine always runs with its lowest possible fuel consumption. In case of poor fuel quality or unfavorable environmental conditions, the control parameters prioritize driveability. With introduction of this latest version, the engine’s electronic control module has been upgraded in calculating capability and renamed from MSV70 to MSV80.   Magnesium/aluminum composite construction. An important innovation – a world’s first in modern times and exclusive to BMW. Structurally, the new engine block consists of three major castings: • Bedplate (magnesium alloy [3]). The lower portion of the block (crankcase); similar in concept to a construction element found in some racing engines as well as the M5 and M6’s 500-hp V-10. The bedplate combines with the upper crankcase to form the block’s outer shell; the result is an ultra-rigid engine structure. • Upper crankcase (magnesium alloy). Joining the bedplate at the level of the crankshaft (main) bearings, this too is a weight-saving casting. It is mounted onto the bedplate from above. • Insert (silicon-impregnated aluminum alloy, or Alusil). In this sense, the N52’s construction resembles that of current BMW V-8 and V-12 engines, though these blocks are all-Alusil.   In addition to the magnesium construction, other weight-saving materials include hollow camshafts, saving a remarkable 2.6 lb. each. Beginning as steel tubes, the camshafts are shaped in a hydroforming procedure, subjected from the inside to a water pressure of 58,000 lb./sq in. against outer forms to achieve the cam profiles. The engine’s camshaft cover is of a new, weight-saving plastic material. (On earlier N52 engines, it was of magnesium.) And the chain camshaft drive, a high-durability, low-maintenance feature of all current BMW engines, has an aluminum chain tensioner that also saves weight. As a final weight-reducing element, the exhaust headers’ flanges are formed from 2-mm-thick steel, significantly lighter than the 12-mm flanges used in the M54.   Electric water pump, electronically controlled according to coolant and oil temperatures at any moment. It runs only as much as needed, and in doing so consumes a maximum of 200 watts vs. up to 2 kilowatts (10 times as much) for a conventional pump. The electric pump has numerous tangible benefits: • By requiring less power, contributes to the engine’s increased power output. • Faster engine warmup, because it doesn’t circulate coolant when the engine is cold. • Provides coolant circulation for the Heat-at-Rest feature now included in the climate control. • By eliminating an external drive belt, makes the engine shorter.   Variable-volume oil pump. To supply pressure to the VANOS 1 at all speeds and temperatures without excess capacity at high engine speeds, BMW engineers developed a new type of oil pump with these advantages: • Contributes to the engine’s increased power output, by requiring less power from the engine. • Doesn’t require a bypass to divert excess flow, which can be up to 80% with a conventional pump. This also avoids possible excess oil temperatures and oil foaming.   Oil/coolant heat exchanger. Another feature that speeds engine warmup; during this phase of operation, it transfers heat from the coolant to the oil circuit. Under conditions of high engine power and high oil temperatures, it performs the reverse, transferring heat from the oil circuit to the coolant, from which the engine cooling system then removes excess heat.   Additional power for 2008 While those traits illustrate the improvement over the previous-generation BMW inline-6, the N52 engine also benefits from additional power enhancements for 2008. Compared to its most direct predecessor, the 215-hp 525i/xi engine of 2007, the 230-hp 528i/xi engine delivers a tangible performance boost:     528i vs. 525i – • 0-60 mph in 6.5 sec. for the 528i Sedan with manual transmission, compared to the ’07 525i Sedan’s 7.3 sec. (In fact, the new 528i nearly matches the 2007 530i from 0 to 60 mph, 6.5 sec. vs. 6.4!) • 0-60 mph in 7.1 sec. with automatic transmission, vs. 7.6 sec. 528xi vs. 525xi – • 0-60 mph in 7.1 sec. for the 528xi with manual transmission, vs. ’07 525xi Sedan’s 7.9 sec. • 0-60 in 7.6 sec. with automatic transmission, vs. 8.2 sec.   N54 engine: twin turbocharging, piezo direct fuel injection, high compression ratio As BMW’s other approach to modern 6-cylinder power, the N54 is as innovative as the N52 engine, though these different innovations are aimed at further increasing performance. A pair of relatively small turbochargers boost performance significantly, but minimize the traditional turbocharging response lag (“turbo-lag”). In addition, high precision direct fuel injection further enhances performance and fuel efficiency. Finally, high-tech heat-resistant materials in the engine help facilitate performance. With the N52 naturally aspirated engine and this even-newer N54 turbocharged unit, BMW is announcing to the world its approach to high performance: Instead of ever-larger engines, BMW will achieve its performance goals with smaller, lighter, more efficient and cleaner-running engines.   First: the 300-hp N54 engine is anything but simply a turbocharged version of the 230-hp N52. Several new “core” features distinguish it from the N52 and facilitate the higher performance level: • All-aluminum structure. As attractive as the magnesium/aluminum concept is for saving weight, the extra strength of all aluminum construction was deemed necessary for the increased power and torque. Some, but not all, of the mag/alu construction’s weight saving was lost. Like the N52’s, the N54 block is a completely new construction, with bedplate. • Cast-iron cylinder liners. Whereas the N52 has an aluminum-silicon cylinder casting inside its magnesium crankcase, the N54 has cast-iron sleeves inside its aluminum crankcase. • Different bore and stroke. The bore has been reduced from 85.0 to 84.0 mm; the stroke is increased from 88.0 to 89.6 mm. This gives greater cylinder-wall thickness – again to handle the higher stresses within the engine – but leaves the engine’s displacement essentially unchanged at 2979 cc vs. the N52’s 2996 cc. Both round off to 3.0 liters. • Conventional valvegear. In the research and development that led to the N54 engine, BMW’s engineers found that Valvetronic’s variable intake-valve lift did not lend its advantages to the turbocharged engine. They remain valid for the non-turbo engine. • Moderately increased weight. Naturally, the aluminum construction, iron cylinder liners and turbochargers add some weight to the N54; so do solid camshafts, compared to the N52’s hollow ones. Altogether, the N54 weighs 419 lb., vs. the N52’s 357. With this moderate weight increase, of course, come 70 more horsepower and those 300 lb-ft. of torque; BMW engineers point out that a 4-liter engine of this performance would weigh a good 150 lb. more!   The performance-enhancing technologies. Now, here are the technologies and features that actually produce the dramatically increased power and – especially – torque that characterize the new N54 engine: Twin turbochargers. Turbocharging is a familiar form of increasing the performance of combustion engines – it has been around in various forms for 100 years. At various times, BMW has set milestones in the development of turbocharging: in 1973, the 2002 Turbo offered 170 hp, vs. 130 for its non-turbo stablemate the 2002 tii. In 1983, a BMW powered Brabham racecar was the first turbocharged vehicle to win a Formula 1 championship.   Yet over its history, turbocharging has also suffered some daunting drawbacks. If, as was usual, a single turbo was used, it often had an unacceptable degree of “turbo lag” – the lag between the time the driver mashed down the accelerator pedal to the time when the turbo responded. This was at its worst at low engine speeds. Another was relatively high fuel consumption. And finally, the available materials didn’t always fare well under the high-heat, high-rpm operation of a turbocharger, which gets its energy from hot, flowing exhaust gases and typically spins well past 100,000 rpm. After the 2002 Turbo, which ironically was introduced just about the time of the first international energy crisis, BMW set turbocharging aside. (Except for diesel engines, where turbocharging is a highly conventional, almost indispensable, power enhancer.)   The N54 turbocharging concept addresses both turbo lag and durability concerns. By utilizing two small turbos – each one serving three cylinders – BMW has reduced the inertia that creates turbo lag. To quote Dr. Burkhard Göschel, BMW’s Board Member for Engineering, turbo lag “has now become a thing of the past. The engine is agile, and it performs like a big, naturally aspirated engine, but with much better mileage.”   Materials progress, always a factor in advancing the capabilities of engineering and technology, figures here too: BMW has drawn upon innovative and heat-resistant materials from space technology to facilitate the twin turbos’ dramatic contribution to performance. All turbo components subjected to the most extreme heat (i.e. the exhaust stream) are made of advanced steels that can withstand up to 1050ºC, or 1920ºF.   Direct fuel injection with piezo injectors. Fuel injection, as we have (mostly) known it over the decades in which it has become a feature of all contemporary automotive engines, has been of the port type: the fuel is injected into the engine’s intake ports, where air passes through on its way to the cylinders. Direct fuel injection sprays fuel directly into the cylinders, or more precisely the combustion chambers. If this were as simple as it sounds, direct injection would long since be commonplace. But the cylinder is a much hotter, higher pressure place than the intake port and poses big hurdles for the fuel injectors and the optimization of just how, when and how much fuel is squirted in. Until now, the only BMW gasoline engine with direct injection has been the 760Li V-12 engine, where this technology brings advantages in fuel efficiency, power, torque and emission control.   The N54’s direct injection is a 2nd-generation evolution of the 760Li’s system, and a key factor in achieving BMW’s goals for this engine. Its main advance over the 1st-generation system is that it gives the engineers greater degrees of freedom in the calibration of fuel quantity and timing and the distribution of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber. With this concept, it’s possible to utilize a “leaner” mixture – thus less fuel. The advantages in fuel efficiency, power, torque and emission control are more significant.   A further advantage to torque and fuel consumption is the cooling effect of fuel being injected into the hot combustion chambers. Typically, to avoid overheating, turbochargers have had to make do with a lower compression ratio. That ’73 2002 Turbo, for example, had a low 6.9:1 ratio, vs. the non-turbo 2002 tii’s 9.5:1; a more contemporary example is the Volvo S60 2.5 Turbo engine’s 9.0:1 compression ratio vs. it’s non-turbo counterpart’s 10:3:1. As a higher compression ratio benefits both fuel efficiency and (especially low-speed) torque – traditional turbo engines have suffered on both counts – the N54 benefits mightily: its compression ratio is 10.5:1, almost exactly the same as the non-turbo N52’s 10.7:1!   Positioned centrally in the combustion chambers for optimum combustion, the injectors – those critical components that inject the fuel into each cylinder’s combustion chamber – are subject to especially high temperatures. A new-type piezo injector is another essential element in attaining the ambitious performance/efficiency/emissions goals with the necessary long-term durability: A “stack” of piezo crystals reacts lightning-fast to impulses from the engine electronics, governing the injector needle’s opening stroke and duration for ultra-precise control of fuel quantity.   According to researchers who led the piezo injector’s development, alone it contributes 2-3% fuel savings and 20% less emissions. Its operating principle involves applying mechanical pressure to a non-conducting crystal to produce an electrical impulse; in turn, this impulse is so fast that it significantly reduces the injector’s response time.   Air-to-air intercooling. Turbocharging typically includes intercooling of the engine’s induction air, that is, some method of cooling the compressed air that emerges, heated up by the compression process, from the turbocharger(s). Sometimes it’s done with coolant; in this case it’s done indirectly by outside air. Intercooling is desirable, even necessary, to reduce the temperature of incoming air to help preclude detonation or “knocking” that can reduce power or, in the extreme, damage the engine. Of course the N54, like the N52 and all other current BMW engines, has knock control.   High-rpm concept. This is shared with the N52 engine, and also contributes significantly to the engine’s performance character. Like the N52, the N54 has a 7000-rpm redline. Its maximum power occurs at 5800 rpm – actually lower than the 530i’s 6600 and the new 528i’s 6500 rpm – but power stays high and vigorous well toward that 7000 rpm.   The bottom lines. The peak power of 300 hp has already been mentioned; this is fully 45 higher than the 530i, and 70 hp up on the 528i. The torque increase is just as impressive: 300 lb-ft., vs. the 530i’s 220 and 528i’s 200. At least as important is the fact that this engine can deliver its peak torque all the way from 1400 rpm (not far above idling!) to 5000 rpm. Finally, 300 lb-ft. is significantly better than competing 3.5-liter non-turbo engines deliver: Lexus GS 350, 274 lb-ft. at a high 3600 rpm; Infiniti M35, 268 lb-ft. at an even higher 4800 rpm. Compared to the 528i’s 200 lb-ft., the N54’s 300 lb-ft. is fully 50% greater. BMW engine engineers assert that to achieve this kind of torque increase, it would have taken a 4-liter naturally aspirated engine. That would have weighed too much and its fuel consumption would have been unacceptably high. For this reason, say the engineers, “we did not take that path.”   One BMW engine engineer, Udo Lindner, goes so far as to assert that the N54 has “the torque of a diesel but the revving capability of a gasoline engine.” Diesels, currently very popular in Europe and capable of stump-pulling torque, operate at rpm levels well below those of gasoline engines, so he’s saying that the N54 delivers the best of both worlds.   The other bottom line, surely the most important to performance enthusiasts, is dramatically quicker acceleration compared to their predecessors: 535i Sedan: • 0-60 in 5.7 sec. with automatic transmission, vs. 6.6 sec. for the 530i 535xi Sedan: • 0-60 in 5.6 sec. with automatic transmission, vs. 6.9 sec. for the 530xi Sedan 535i Sports Wagon: • 0-60 in 5.8 sec. with automatic transmission, vs. 7.3 sec. for the 530xi Sports Wagon   With their standard manual transmissions (SOP 09/07), all these pairings will offer comparable improvements. As in all 5 Series cars, top speed is electronically controlled at 150 mph.   The 550i’s V-8 The 550i’s predecessor was widely acclaimed by most who drove or tested the 545i, not merely for its strong, fuel-efficient power, but also for its highly pleasing sound. Car and Driver (May ’04) summed it up as “among the friendliest, most enthusiastic engines in existence.“   With 4.8 liters, the 550i’s V-8 delivers brilliant performance. Peak power is 360 hp; likewise, peak torque is 360. With its standard 6-speed manual transmission the 550i attains 60 mph in just 5.4 sec. from rest; with automatic, the new model does 0-60 in 5.5 sec.   Aside from such impressive test data, this evolution pays off in real-world performance, as media critics have found in their test drives: •     Edmunds.com, posted March 21, ’05: “It’s refined and athletic like the old 4.4, but its torque band seems to go on forever.” •     auto motor und sport, Germany, March 2, ’05: “The [more powerful V-8] engine provides not just impressive initial thrust, but also a level of response over its entire rpm range that meets high expectations.”   Just what BMW had in mind.   Dynamic Stability Control: remarkable new braking functions All BMW models are standard-equipped with Dynamic Stability Control, which provides a wide range of traction and stability functions.   While retaining all the functions or the previous DSC, a revised system appeared in the 5 Series and other BMWs in 2006. This Enhanced DSC adds a wide array of customer-relevant functions that make driving even safer and more pleasant. They are: •     Brake Fade Compensation. Brake fade occurs as the brakes heat up under hard use; a given degree of deceleration requires more pressure on the brake pedal. As brake temperature rises, this function automatically compensates by increasing the hydraulic pressure relative to pedal force. •     Brake Standby. When the driver lifts off the accelerator pedal abruptly, DSC recognizes that sharp braking may be about to occur and applies just enough pressure in the brake system to snug up the pads against the rotors. Thus by the time the driver’s foot reaches the brake pedal, the lag time normally resulting from bringing the pad to the rotor is eliminated, reducing stopping or deceleration distance. •     Brake Drying. Acting on input from the rain sensor (an element of the standard rain-sensing windshield wipers), the pads are periodically brought up to the rotors – just enough to eliminate any film of water between pads and rotors, but not enough to cause a brake application. •     Comfort Stop. Especially with an automatic transmission, unless the driver consciously eases off on the brake pedal, a jerk can occur as the vehicle comes to a stop. Comfort Stop eases off, making for smoother stops. Currently only in the rear-wheel-drive models. •     Start-off Assistant. Briefly holds the vehicle when the brakes are released while stopped facing uphill. The driver can then start up without doing a ballet with the clutch, brake and accelerator (manual transmission) or rolling backward on a steep hill (automatic transmission). •     Modulated ABS function. “Analogized” control of the DSC brake valves makes the anti-lockup function (ABS) smoother. Instead of simply being fully on or off, application and release of these valves are now modulated.   Character of the 5 Series: the essence of sport and luxury Long one of BMW’s true core products, the 5 Series elegantly defines the middle of the line with compact exterior dimensions, ample interior space and a masterfully calibrated blend of sport and luxury. Appearing in ’04 in its current generation, the Series maintained trim exterior size while increasing interior space and introducing new technologies – including an aluminum front-end structure, available Active Steering and Active Roll Stabilization, evolved suspension and a further developed iDrive control system.   That the current generation carries on the 5 Series tradition brilliantly is supported by this quote from Motor Trend’s March ’05 issue: “Here’s a thoroughbred, the product of decades of setting the benchmark all other automakers’ sport sedans aspire to. Just look at the stance, the way the body sits on the chassis, ready to pounce on any opportunity to show its stuff on a challenging stretch of road. The smoothness and flexibility of BMW inline-sixes are legendary, and the 225 horses of the 2979-cc engine seem more  spirited than their numbers might otherwise suggest. And BMW is one of the only automakers courageous enough to offer a 6-speed manual gearbox in a $50,000 sedan.”   With even more powerful engines, available xDrive and the new Sports Wagon to extend its capabilities, the 5 Series is today’s representative of this fine tradition.   State-of-the-art safety and security features In terms of safety and security, the 5 Series is a state-of-the-art vehicle from a state-of-the-art vehicle maker. With an extensive array of standard features, and such available options as the new Lane Departure Warning system, Night Vision and Head-up Display, the 2008 5 Series remains an industry leader and fully representative of BMW’s safety values. Key standard features include: •  Dual front-impact Supplementary Restraint System (SRS) with dual-threshold deployment, 2-stage Smart Airbags – optimized for shape and deployment characteristics. •  Front safety belts with automatic tensioners and force limiters – standard on all models. •  Rear safety belts with automatic tensioners – included with the optional rear-seat side-impact airbags. •  Automatic-locking retractors (ALR) on all passenger safety belts for installation of child restraint seats. •  LATCH attachments at the outboard rear seating positions for child restraint seats. •  Front-seat side-impact airbags – standard. •  Rear-seat side-impact airbags – optional at nominal extra cost, so that customers can make their own choice in this matter. •  Head Protection System – front-to-rear via BMW’s Inflatable Tubular concept; a long airbag deploys from the ceiling, suspended on a “sail.” •  Active front head restraints – included with the front Multi-contour seats that are optional in all 5 Series models. Responding to impact sensors at the rear of the vehicle, the head restraints instantly pivot forward into close proximity with the occupants’ heads. Thus occupants are able, if they prefer, to adjust the restraints away from direct contact with their heads, yet gain optimum protection against whiplash or more serious head/neck injuries. •  Energy-absorbing padding of body-pillar and roof areas – specific padding at the A-, B- and C-pillars as well as along the roof above the doors. •  Fuel-tank design and location. Not only is the fuel tank designed to remain sealed even in severe impacts, its location has been chosen to provide optimum protection from impacts. •  Battery Safety Terminal – in case of a severe accident impact, breaks the high-current connection between the battery and starter cable. This helps prevent a possible short circuit in the electrical system. •  Automatic fuel-pump shutoff upon severe accident impact. In addition, the doors are automatically unlocked; the interior lighting and 4-way hazard flashers are switched on. Thus even after an accident, BMW’s safety strategy is still at work. •  Coded Driveaway Protection – BMW’s rolling-code engine immobilizer. •  Central locking system with double-lock feature. When the vehicle is locked from the outside, the double-lock feature prevents individual door-lock buttons from being pulled up; thus even if a thief has broken into the car, it isn’t possible to open the doors. Owners, however, have access to information on how to get out if one is locked in the vehicle from the outside. •  Alarm system with interior motion detector – standard on the 5 Series.   Options: possibilities new and familiar 2008 brings with it a number of significant new technological options that complement an already extensive array of performance, comfort and safety features. For 2008 Package highlights include new contents for both Premium and Sport Packages for 6-cylinder models, as well as a revised Sport Package for the 550i Sedan.   Most of the optional features on the 2007 5 Series carry over to 2008, with few exceptions. Most notable, the Sequential Manual Gearbox has been discontinued, effectively replaced by the new Sport Automatic that arrives later in the year. The Premium Sound Package (ZPS), which included the Logic7 audio system and 6-disc CD changer, has been replaced by an individual stand-alone option for the Logic7 system and a BMW center-installed 6-disc changer.   Packages: Premium Package (528i/xi and 535i/xi models). Combines luxury and convenience features: For all models – •     Dakota leather upholstery •     BMW Universal Transceiver, a 3-function remote for garage doors and other external devices •     Auto-dimming interior and exterior mirrors, now including a power-fold feature Additionally for 528i and 528xi models –